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Monday, October 11, 2010

Linux HowTo: HAL Basics

Ever wondered how does your computer magically sense and install your usb drive or cd? Welcome to the world of 'plug and play' using the concept of HAL--Hardware Abstraction Layer--A software that sits between your kernel and hardware.
  
    -hal    - hardware abstraction layer.
    -automatic detection and initialization of hardware (plug n play) happens because of hal.
    -hal works under the daemon called 'hald'.
    -hald maintains a database of currently connected hardware.
    -hal      = sysfs    +  udev    +  hald    +  dbus
    -sysfs    = stores settings about hald
    -udev    = listens for new devices and kicks off procs; acts as the manager of files in /dev dir.
    -hald     = the daemon, maintains a database of h/w conn currently
    -dbus    = handshakes hardware and actual running proc.

Modules - Modules are snippets of code pertaining to a specific hardware. Modules are the way in which kernel manages a hardware. Modules can be loaded and unloaded on demand; this is most commonly seen in case of plug and play devices.

Useful Module commands:
    -lsmod         - lists currently loaded kernel modules.
    -lspci           - lists h/w connected via the pci bus.
    -lspcmcia & lsusb cmds behave similarly.
    -lshal and lshw show info about currently conn devices.

    -modprobe  - probes  modules
    -insmod       - inserts modules
    -rmmod       - removes modules

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